Where is malaria found?

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QUESTION

Where is malaria found?

ANSWER

Malaria is found throughout the world’s tropical and sub-tropical areas, and mainly in Central and South America, Africa, Asia and the Indo-Pacific region. It is most common in tropical regions, where transmission occurs year-round; in sub-tropical and temperate areas, transmission may only occur during seasons that have appropriate climatic conditions. This includes sufficiently high temperature and water availability for the growth and development of the mosquito, which transmits the disease. Currently, the greatest burden of the disease is felt in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 90% of deaths due to malaria occur. The map below shows the estimated risk for malaria across the world, courtesy of the World Health Organisation.

Global_Malaria_2010_WHO

Map of the global distribution of malaria, courtesy of WHO (www.who.org)

Where is Malaria Found?

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QUESTION

Where is malaria found?

ANSWER

Malaria is found throughout the world’s tropical and sub-tropical areas, and mainly in Central and South America, Africa, Asia and the Indo-Pacific region. It is most common in tropical regions, where transmission occurs year-round; in sub-tropical and temperate areas, transmission may only occur during seasons that have appropriate climatic conditions. This includes sufficiently high temperature and water availability for the growth and development of the mosquito, which transmits the disease. The map below shows the estimated risk for malaria across the world, courtesy of the World Health Organisation.

To search an up-to-date malaria map by country, please visit the CDC Malaria Map application.

global malaria risk

Map of estimated malaria risk (2010 data). Courtesy of WHO (http://www.who.int/en/)

Malaria Deaths in the Tropics

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QUESTION

What’s the difference of malaria deaths between the subtropical and tropical regions and all the other regions?

ANSWER

I am assuming you are asking about the distribution of deaths caused by malaria between the tropics/sub-tropics and the rest of the world.

95% percent of all fatal malaria cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa, which lies entirely in the sub-tropics and tropics. Additionally, most of the deaths occur in Central, West and Eastern Africa (North Africa and South Africa have more advanced malaria prevention and control initiatives to the rest of the continent, and transmission is also less severe), and the other 5% of malaria deaths are mostly found in India and south-east Asia, so you could say that virtually all deaths due to malaria occur in tropical regions alone.

Indeed, there is almost no malaria in non-tropical or sub-tropical regions; the few cases each year in North America and Europe are usually due to imported cases from people who have traveled to tropical or sub-tropical regions.

Where does malaria come from?

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QUESTION

Where does malaria normally come from?

ANSWER

Malaria is caused by single-celled parasites of the genus Plasmodium; the parasites enter the human body via the bite of an infected mosquito. However, the mosquito has to pick up the infection in the first place from another infected human; so in a sense, you could say that malaria both comes from mosquitoes, as well as from other people, although only indirectly!

More generally, your question could be read as asking where does malaria come from geographically—malaria is actually distributed over most of the world, and at some point or another has been found on all continents except Antarctica. In modern times, it tends to be restricted to the tropics and sub-tropical regions of the world, since temperature is a key factor pertaining to its survival. However, seasonal transmission (especially in the summer, hotter months) still persists even in some temperate regions. Moreover, with global climate change, it is feared that the distribution of malaria will continue to spread, and even more people will be affected.